History
More than a century of technical integrity
FM Approvals’ rich history of property loss prevention testing spans over a century. The timeline below highlights our turning points throughout the years, as we’ve developed testing methods to ensure that products adhere to the highest standards in quality, technical integrity and performance, backed by sound scientific research.
Our Timeline
1886
FM Approvals Founded
John R. Freeman begins his fundamental experimentation with hydraulics as it relates to fire protection. This is considered the official beginning of the Factory Mutual Laboratories, now known as FM Approvals. Pioneers in their field, the Factory Mutual Laboratories are the first permanent laboratories in the United States—and possibly the world—dedicated to the testing of fire-protection devices.
1892
Sprinkler System Testing
Freeman performs an extensive series of tests to determine the pipe sizes necessary to provide adequate water volume at each sprinkler in a system. His results are still the basis for sprinkler system hydraulic calculations.
1897
Approval Guide Published
Approved Electrical Fittings is published and eventually evolves into the Approval Guide, an online resource of more than 60,000 FM Approved products.
1916
Factory Mutual Fire Testing Begins
Factory Mutual fire testing begins modestly in a shed in the middle of an apple farm in Woburn, MA, USA.
1922
New Site for Fire Testing
The fire test facility moves from Woburn to a site in Everett, MA, USA. Engineers begin a series of tests to study explosions of flammable dust and vapors in special enclosures. Other tests are run to determine the effectiveness of various extinguishing agents.
1946
Advancing Fire Extinguisher Testing
The Laboratories are the first to use square steel pans to test fire extinguishers. The liquid fuel depth of two inches on water (affording a six-inch freeboard) provides a realistic challenge that more accurately tests the capabilities of extinguishers than previous methods.
1947
Full-Scale Fire Test Facility Built
The first full-scale fire test facility is built in Norwood, MA, USA. Specifically designed for large-scale fire testing, it enhances research and testing capabilities.
1951
Hydraulics Laboratory Built
Another building in Norwood is completed. Building No. 1 includes new space for the hydraulics laboratory, as well as areas for testing combustion controls, fire extinguishers, and fire alarm and detection equipment.
1954
Roof Assembly Testing Begins
Roof assembly tests are begun in a specially designed facility nicknamed, “The White House.”
1957
Testing with a Calorimeter
A construction materials calorimeter is placed in operation to test the fuel contribution of various building materials that can be involved in a fire.
1967
A New Era in Protection Testing
The Factory Mutual Test Center (now the FM Global Research Campus) opens in West Glocester, RI, USA. It’s the only facility of its kind to allow for large scale, realistic testing, including rack-storage fires, for the first time. These full-scale testing capabilities ultimately lead to many new methods to evaluate property loss prevention products, such as storage sprinklers that are still in use today.
1989
First ESFR Sprinkler FM-Approved
The first ESFR (Early‑Suppression Fast Response) Sprinkler is FM Approved. These sprinklers suppress severe storage fires that are beyond the protection capabilities of control mode sprinklers.
1992
First Extra-Large Orifice Sprinkler FM-Approved
The first extra-large orifice sprinkler is FM Approved. These are used when protection of standard sprinklers is desired, but the available system water pressure is too low. The new Hydraulics Laboratory in West Glocester, RI, USA, is constructed.
1997
New Approval Standard
Approval Standard 4910 for Cleanroom Material is developed and released. As a result, the hazards at semiconductor fabrication facilities are dramatically reduced through the use of FM Approved material.
1999
New Approval Standard
Approval Standard 3011 for Central Station Service for Fire Alarms and Protective Equipment Supervision is developed and released.
2001
Ground Broken for State-of-the-Art FM Global Research Campus
Ground is broken for the new FM Global Research Campus, which opens in 2003. It’s the world’s most sophisticated center for advancing the science and evaluation of property loss prevention products. The campus comprises five distinct laboratories: Electrical Hazards, Fire Technology, Hydraulics, Natural Hazards and Explosion.
2005
FM Approvals Opens Offices in China and the United Kingdom
The FM Approvals offices in Beijing, China and Windsor, UK, signifying the company’s first international offices.
New Approval Standard
Approval Standard 5560 for Water Mist Systems is developed and released.
2006
FM Approvals Opens Office in Singapore
The FM Approvals office in Singapore opens to service southeast Asia.
New Approval Standard
Approval Standard 2510 for Flood Abatement Products is developed and released, the first comprehensive flood product testing standard in the world.
2007
FM Approvals Opens Office in Shanghai
The FM Approvals office in Shanghai, China opens to service southern China.
FM Approvals Opens Office in Hong Kong
The FM Approvals office in Hong Kong, China opens to service southeast Asia.
New Approval Standards
Approval Standard for Evaluating Insulated Walls or Wall and Roof/Ceiling Assembly, ANSI/FM 4880-2001 is adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Approval Standard 4881 for Class 1 Exterior Wall Systems, the first standard to evaluate wall panels for exposure to wind, is developed and released.
2008
FM Approvals Opens Office in Frankfurt
The FM Approvals office in Frankfurt, Germany opens to service continental Europe.
FM Approvals Opens Office in Yokohama
The FM Approvals office in Yokohama, Japan opens to service Japan.
FM Approvals Opens Office in Bangalore
The FM Approvals office in Bangalore, India opens to service India and the Middle East.
2010
New Approval Standards
Approval Standard 4911 for Front Opening Uniform Pods (FOUPs) is developed and released, the first published FOUP fire test protocol in the world. Approval Standard 4882 for Class 1 Interior Wall and Ceiling Materials or Systems for Smoke Sensitive Occupancies is developed and released.
2011
FM Approvals Opens Office in Sao Paulo
The FM Approvals office in Sao Paulo, Brazil opens to service South America.
New Natural Hazards Laboratory Opens
FM Approvals opens the 74,000-square-foot laboratory dedicated to approving products exposed to elements such as wind, rain, hail and earthquake.
New Approval Standards
Approval Standard 3232 for Video Image Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling and Approval Standard 3616 for Dust Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment are developed and released. Approval Standard for Evaluating the Simulated Wind Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies, ANSI/FM 4474-2004 is adopted by ANSI.
2013
New Approval Standard Adopted by ANSI
Approval Standard for Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol, ANSI/FM 4910 is adopted by ANSI.
2014
New Approval Standards
Approval Standard for Flood Abatement Equipment, ANSI/FM 2510, is adopted by ANSI as the National Flood Standard. Approval Standard for Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, ANSI/FM 3260-2004 is adopted. Approval Standard for Cleanroom Filters, ANSI/FM 4920 is adopted by ANSI. Approval Standard 1035 for Nitrogen Generators is developed and released.
2015
FM Approvals Office Opens in Paris
The FM Approvals office in Paris, France opens to service continental Europe.
2016
New hail rating for certified roof assemblies
New hail rating for certified roof assemblies for use in areas of the world that are in very severe hail zones.
First FM Approved nitrogen generator for corrosion protection of dry and pre-action sprinkler systems.
This first of a kind certification provided a reliable and economical source of nitrogen that can be used to prevent or stabilize internal sprinkler pipe corrosion, prolonging its’ life and increasing sprinkler system reliability.
2017
First FM Approved water mist system for the protection of data centers.
This milestone in water mist fire protection and proved that water mist could be used to protect the unique fire protection challenges that exist in data centers including: high air flow, data cable bundles and overhead cable trays.
2019
New Electrical Hazards & Gas Detection Laboratory opened.
A one-of-a-kind 37,000-ft² (3455 m²) two story office and laboratory facility houses two state of the art Ex Test Cells, a world class Gas Detection Lab, as well as several purpose-built test labs to support the testing and certification of Ex and Gas Detection products.
First FM Approved K34 pendent sprinkler for the protection of rack storage of cartoned unexpanded plastic.
The K34 pendent sprinkler allows for ceiling only sprinkler protection of warehouse buildings up to 55ft. high. This increased the maximum warehouse height that can be protected by ceiling only sprinkler protection by 5ft.
2020
New FM Approvals cyber laboratory opened.
This state-of-the-art lab supports testing and certification of industrial control system (ICS) components for conformance with technical requirements specified in ISA/IEC-62443 part 4-2 and also assesses the ICS component manufacturers’ product development process for conformance with the secure development life-cycle defined in ISA/IEC-62443 part 4-1.
First FM Approved Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) for Ignitable liquids
First FM Approved polymer-enhanced steel pipe for the prevention of internal corrosion of sprinkler pipe.
Polymer-enhanced pipe has superior corrosion resistance than galvanized pipe and has improved flow properties. This allows for longer sprinkler pipe life and, the improved flow characteristics, allow for the use of smaller pipe that can deliver equivalent water flow.
Present Day
Into the Future
FM Approvals continues to test and certify key products related to property loss prevention. Our dedication to innovation over the years has resulted in numerous technical advancements, including low smoke generation wall panels, clean room materials, suppression mode sprinkler protection and water mist systems.